Discovering and learning tool-use for fishing honey by captive chimpanzees. Observational learning of tool-use by young chimpanzees. Tomasello, M., Davis, Dasilv, M., Dasilv M. The acquisition of stone tool use in captive chimpanzees. Experimental studies of learning and the mental processes in infra-human primates.
Imitation of the sequential structure of actions by chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes). Imitative learning of artificial fruit-processing in children ( Homo sapiens) and chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes). Is nut cracking in wild chimpanzees a cultural behaviour? J. in Social Learning in Animals: The Roots of Culture(eds Heyes, C. Identification: A process of enculturation in the subhuman society of Macaca fuscata. On the nature of imitation in the animal kingdom: reappraisal of a century of research. Language, anthropology and cognitive science. Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions(Random House, New York, 1963).īloch, M. Bird Song: Themes and Variations(Cambridge Univ. Song ‘dialects’ in three populations of white-crowned sparrows. in Social Learning: Psychological and Biological Perspectives(eds Zentall, T. Animal cultures and a general theory of cultural evolution. The Evolution of Culture in Animals(Princeton Univ. The emergence of cultures among wild chimpanzees. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1994).īoesch, C. in The Use of Tools by Human and Non-human Primates(eds Berthelet, A. Chimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution(Cambridge Univ. The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies(Tokyo Univ. The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior(Harvard Univ. Evidence for a social custom in wild chimpanzees? Man 13, 234–251 (1978). Moreover, the combined repertoire of these behaviour patterns in each chimpanzee community is itself highly distinctive, a phenomenon characteristic of human cultures 14 but previously unrecognised in non-human species. The extensive, multiple variations now documented for chimpanzees are thus without parallel. Among mammalian and avian species, cultural variation has previously been identified only for single behaviour patterns, such as the local dialects of song-birds 12, 13. We find that 39 different behaviour patterns, including tool usage, grooming and courtship behaviours, are customary or habitual in some communities but are absent in others where ecological explanations have been discounted. This comprehensive analysis reveals patterns of variation that are far more extensive than have previously been documented for any animal species except humans 8, 9, 10, 11. Here we present a systematic synthesis of this information from the seven most long-term studies, which together have accumulated 151 years of chimpanzee observation. As an increasing number of field studies of chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) have achieved long-term status across Africa, differences in the behavioural repertoires described have become apparent that suggest there is significant cultural variation 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
0 kommentar(er)
